What is the Difference Between Medium Voltage Cables and Low Voltage Cables

There are significant differences between medium voltage cables and low voltage cables in multiple aspects, mainly reflected in voltage levels, application fields, structural characteristics, and performance characteristics.

1、 Voltage Level of Medium Voltage Cables        

Medium voltage cable: usually refers to a cable with a rated voltage between 1 kV and 35 kV, and there are also claims that its rated voltage range is between 6 kV and 35 kV. This voltage range makes medium voltage cables suitable for medium voltage power transmission and distribution.

Low voltage cable: usually refers to cables with a rated voltage of 1 kilovolt (kV) or below, such as common 220V, 380V, etc. Low voltage cables are mainly used for low-voltage power transmission and distribution.

2、 Application Fields of Medium Voltage Cables       

Medium voltage cables: Due to their high voltage level and transmission capacity, medium voltage cables are mainly used in power transmission and distribution systems, such as long-distance transmission of electrical energy and connection between substations. They play an important role in urban power grids, industrial facilities, and the power systems of large buildings.

Low voltage cables are widely used for connecting power transmission systems and electrical equipment inside buildings. In commercial buildings such as residential buildings, office buildings, shopping malls, and industrial production lines, low-voltage cables are responsible for transmitting electrical energy from distribution rooms to various electrical equipment such as lighting, air conditioning, elevators, etc.

3、 Structural Characteristics of Medium Voltage Cables       

Medium voltage cable: The structure is relatively complex, usually composed of conductors, insulation layers, sheaths, and other accessories (such as metal protective layers). The conductors of medium voltage cables https://www.thcable.com/products/power-cable/medium-voltage-power-cable are mostly made of copper or aluminum materials, which have good conductivity and mechanical strength. The insulation layer uses high-performance insulation materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) to ensure the insulation performance of the cable. The sheath plays a role in protecting the cable from mechanical damage and environmental influences.

Low voltage cable: The structure is relatively simple, usually consisting of a conductor, insulation layer, and sheath. The conductor and insulation materials of low-voltage cables are similar to those of medium voltage cables, but the sheath may be lighter and more flexible to adapt to the complex usage environment inside buildings.

4、 Performance Characteristics of Medium Voltage Cables         

Medium voltage cable: It has the characteristics of long transmission distance, low transmission loss, and large load capacity. These characteristics make medium voltage cables highly efficient and reliable in power transmission and distribution. However, the price of medium voltage cable is usually high, and installation and maintenance require a high level of technical expertise and specialized equipment.

Low voltage cable: Although the transmission distance and load capacity are relatively small, the price is relatively low and easy to install and maintain. The flexibility and convenience of low-voltage cables make them the preferred choice for internal power transmission and electrical equipment connection in buildings.

In summary, there are significant differences between medium voltage cables and low voltage cables in terms of voltage levels, application areas, structural characteristics, and performance characteristics. When choosing to use, it is necessary to consider comprehensively based on specific needs and scenarios.